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The time domain solution, to the fast subsystem of the descriptor variable system of the form E{sub}x = A{sub}x + B{sub}u with E singular is given by Laplace inverse transformation. A new and significant feature of the solution is...
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The time domain solution, to the fast subsystem of the descriptor variable system of the form E{sub}x = A{sub}x + B{sub}u with E singular is given by Laplace inverse transformation. A new and significant feature of the solution is that it contains impulse terms excited by the values of sufficiently smooth input u and its derivatives at the initial time point. Based on the solution, the notions of consistent initial conditions, classical solutions and impulse-free solutions are discussed perfectly. The impulse controllability is discussed also which admits the same interpretation as the controllability at infinity in frequency domain.
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This review article discusses various cognitive and behavioral interventions that have been developed with the goal of promoting self-controlled responding. Self-control can exert a significant impact on human health and impulsive...
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This review article discusses various cognitive and behavioral interventions that have been developed with the goal of promoting self-controlled responding. Self-control can exert a significant impact on human health and impulsive behaviors are associated with a wide range of diseases and disorders, leading to the suggestion that impulsivity is a trans-disease process. The self-control interventions include effort exposure, reward discrimination, reward bundling, interval schedules of reinforcement, impulse control training, and mindfulness training. Most of the interventions have been consistently shown to increase self-control, except for mindfulness training. Some of the successful interventions are long-lasting, whereas others may be transient. Most interventions are domain-specific, targeting specific cognitive and behavioral processes that relate to self-control rather than targeting overall self-control. For example, effort exposure appears to primarily increase effort tolerance, which in turn can improve self-control. Similarly, interval schedules primarily target interval timing, which promotes self-controlled responses. A diagram outlining a proposed set of intervention effects on self-control is introduced to motivate further research in this area. The diagram suggests that the individual target processes of the interventions may potentially summate to produce general self-control, or perhaps even produce synergistic effects. In addition, it is suggested that developing a self-control profile may be advantageous for aligning specific interventions to mitigate specific deficits. Overall, the results indicate that interventions are a promising avenue for promoting self-control and may help to contribute to changing health outcomes associated with a wide variety of diseases and disorders.
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Restricting one's access to temptations (precommitment) facilitates the achievement of long-term goals. The sophisticated impulsiveness model of precommitment posits that impulsive agents who are aware that they are impulsive shou...
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Restricting one's access to temptations (precommitment) facilitates the achievement of long-term goals. The sophisticated impulsiveness model of precommitment posits that impulsive agents who are aware that they are impulsive should show the strongest preference for precommitment. Empirically however, two central predictions of this theoretical notion remained untested: whether impulsiveness causally drives the demand for precommitment and whether the willingness to precommit depends on metacognitive awareness of one's impulsiveness. here, we tested these predictions in three independent experiments. Participants performed a delay discounting task in which they could precommit to larger-later rewards. The results of Experiment 1 provide causal evidence that reducing impulse control capacities increases precommitment demand. Moreover. Experiments 2 and 3 support the hypothesis that meta-cognitive awareness of one's impulsiveness moderates the relationship between impulsiveness and precommitment. Together, our data put the sophisticated impulsiveness model of precommitment on strong empirical foundations.
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OBJECTIVE: Heroin use has been associated with increased impulsive behaviour. This study examined the lasting effect of heroin use on impulse control in a group of ex-heroin addicts. Research#10; design and method: Twenty-eight me...
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OBJECTIVE: Heroin use has been associated with increased impulsive behaviour. This study examined the lasting effect of heroin use on impulse control in a group of ex-heroin addicts. Research#10; design and method: Twenty-eight men, 14 ex-heroin addicts and 14 matched controls, participated in this study. The impulse control ability between the two groups was compared. Each participant was individually#10; interviewed for demographic data and testing of their impulse control ability using the Porteus Maze Test. RESULTS: The findings indicated that the ex-heroin addicts performed significantly more#10; poorly on the measure of impulse control than the matched controls. CONCLUSIONS: This observation suggests that the adverse effect of heroin on impulse control may be long lasting. Alternative explanations#10; for the findings were also discussed. #10;
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The application of impulse controls-delta-function and its higher derivatives-essentially improves our ability to control various systems. However, the delta-function and its derivatives are "idealizations." Controls applied to mo...
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The application of impulse controls-delta-function and its higher derivatives-essentially improves our ability to control various systems. However, the delta-function and its derivatives are "idealizations." Controls applied to model and control real systems are finite (although possibly quite large in magnitude). In this article we consider bounded approximations of impulse controls-so-called fast controls-and examine methods of their construction.
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In this paper, the problem of controllability and observability for a class of impulsive control systems with delayed impulses is studied. Based on impulsive control theory, several sufficient and necessary conditions of controlla...
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In this paper, the problem of controllability and observability for a class of impulsive control systems with delayed impulses is studied. Based on impulsive control theory, several sufficient and necessary conditions of controllability and observability are established analytically. A numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed results.
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Impulse controllability and impulse observability of linear time-varying singular systems in a standard canonical form are examined. We focus on the fast subsystems with constant-rank N matrices. Sufficient and necessary condition...
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Impulse controllability and impulse observability of linear time-varying singular systems in a standard canonical form are examined. We focus on the fast subsystems with constant-rank N matrices. Sufficient and necessary conditions are derived and presented directly in terms of system parameters. Conditions obtained for these two properties are algebraically dual to each' other.
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Since impulsive control has less conservation in the analysis of dynamical behaviors, a surge of attention has been paid on the study of impulsive control systems. This paper is dedicated to review some recent developments of impu...
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Since impulsive control has less conservation in the analysis of dynamical behaviors, a surge of attention has been paid on the study of impulsive control systems. This paper is dedicated to review some recent developments of impulsive control theory. Some fundamental theory on impulsive control systems and some very recent interesting results are reviewed and addressed. Based on the characteristics of impulsive control systems, we summarize three fundamental factors for the design of impulsive controllers, namely, the impulsive strength, the impulsive frequency and the impulsive instant. Then a systematic account of useful stability analysis methods are introduced, and these methods provide researchers a well-organized tool box to learn the impulsive control systems. Moreover, as a vital aspect, the effects of delays on impulsive systems are discussed. Finally, some potential developments and further work on impulsive control systems are briefly presented and discussed. (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Since impulsive control has less conservation in the analysis of dynamical behaviors, a surge of attention has been paid on the study of impulsive control systems. This paper is dedicated to review some recent developments of impu...
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Since impulsive control has less conservation in the analysis of dynamical behaviors, a surge of attention has been paid on the study of impulsive control systems. This paper is dedicated to review some recent developments of impulsive control theory. Some fundamental theory on impulsive control systems and some very recent interesting results are reviewed and addressed. Based on the characteristics of impulsive control systems, we summarize three fundamental factors for the design of impulsive controllers, namely, the impulsive strength, the impulsive frequency and the impulsive instant. Then a systematic account of useful stability analysis methods are introduced, and these methods provide researchers a well-organized tool box to learn the impulsive control systems. Moreover, as a vital aspect, the effects of delays on impulsive systems are discussed. Finally, some potential developments and further work on impulsive control systems are briefly presented and discussed. (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Objectives. Pathological gambling (PG) is an impulse control disorder characterized by recurrent gambling thoughts and behaviours that impair social functioning. Earlier studies suggested that topiramate may be effective in treati...
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Objectives. Pathological gambling (PG) is an impulse control disorder characterized by recurrent gambling thoughts and behaviours that impair social functioning. Earlier studies suggested that topiramate may be effective in treating some impulse control disorders. We conducted the first randomized, controlled trial of topiramate in PG. Methods. PG patients were randomized to topiramate (N = 20) or placebo (N = 22) in this 14-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. The primary outcome measure was change in the obsessions subscale of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Pathological Gambling. Results. Mixed regression models (time [weeks] × treatment) revealed no significant treatment effect of topiramate on the primary or secondary outcome measures. The most statistically robust findings involved reducing the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) total score and Motor and Non-Planning subscale scores, for which topiramate outperformed placebo at merely a trend level (P < 0.1). Conclusions. The observed trend in BIS score reductions may warrant further investigation to study whether topiramate reduces clinically important impulsivity in PG. Treatment studies with larger samples and less stringent exclusion criteria are needed to produce results that can be generalized to pathological gamblers in the community.
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